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A family of metrics that quantify the perceptual difference between two colors. The most widely used variant, CIEDE2000 (ΔE₀₀), applies corrections for lightness, chroma, and hue to closely match human perception.
Delta Empfindung (ΔE) literally means "difference sensation" in German and denotes the perceived distance between two colors. While simple Euclidean distance in RGB space can measure mathematical similarity, it poorly reflects human vision because the RGB cube is not perceptually uniform. The Delta E family of formulas operates in perceptually uniform color spaces (primarily CIELAB) to produce values that correlate with what we actually see.
Industry thresholds for CIEDE2000 are roughly half those of CIE76 because the formula better accounts for how humans perceive small differences:
Our palette extraction currently uses Euclidean RGB distance (threshold 32) for grouping colors because it runs in the browser without a CIELAB conversion step. For most artwork palettes, RGB distance is sufficient — the goal is coarse grouping, not precision matching. However, Delta E becomes essential when evaluating print reproduction fidelity or comparing artwork palettes across different display profiles.
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